University question papers compiled:

1.                   Answer the following questions in one or two sentences :-        20

1.                   Define ‘connotation’ and ‘denotation’ of a term.     (April 10)

2.                   Define ‘free’ and ‘bound’ variable.            (April 10)

3.                   Define ‘private nuisance’ as discussed in the law of courts.          (April 10)

4.                   Define “medical intervention.” (May 11)

5.                   Define “ Primary Induction “(May 11)

6.                   Define “Implications’ and ‘Implicate’. (May 11)

7.                   Define Analogy. (Oct 11)

8.                   Define immediate inference. Name 2 kinds of immediate inference.(Oct 11)

9.                   Define Nuisance. (March 2012)

10.               Define Physician.          (Oct 11)

11.               Define Positive and Negative terms. (May 09)

12.               Define Secondary Induction. (March 2012)

13.               Define terminally ill. (May 09)

14.               Define the law of Identity and the law of contradiction. (May 09)

15.               Distinguish between mediate and immediate inference.     (April 10)

16.               Distinguish between proposition and judgment. (May 11)

17.               Explain the meaning of denotation of a term. (March 2012)

18.               Give an example of deductive argument. (March 2012)

19.               Give any one definition of logic. (April 10)

20.               How is the constituent different from component? (May 11)

21.               Identify the inference involved in the following inference, giving reasons: The rich are lucky. Hence the poor are unlucky. (May 09)

22.               Identify types of inference involved & test its validity: A politician is a man. Hence we can conclude that good politician is good man. (April 10)

23.               Indentify the type of inference in following:   “All cars are vehicles .   All Indian cars are Indian Vehicles.” (March 2012)

24.               Name kinds of simple proposition according to modern logic. (Oct 11)

25.               Name the kinds of compound proposition according to modern logicians. (May 11)

26.               Name three laws of thought and define any one of them. (April 10)

27.               Name two limitations of ostensive definition.        (April 10)

28.               Reduce the following statement to logical form “Ramanuja was a great mathematician”. (March 2012)

29.               State any two characteristics of a proposition?     (Oct 11)

30.               State the Law of Excluded Middle. (March 2012) . (May 2011)

31.               Symbolize the statement as per Modern classification ‘Samson is not weak’.  (March 2012)

32.               What are catagorematic and   syncategorematic words? (May 11)

33.               What are necessary and contingent propositions? (Oct 11)

34.               What is ‘Fundamentum divisionis’?          (Oct 11)

35.               What is a deductive argument? Give one example.           (May 09)

36.               What is a proposition? State one characteristic of a proposition. (May 09)

37.               What is a relational proposition? Give an example. (May 09)

38.               What is a singular term? Give one example. (May 09)

39.               What is division by dichotomy?  (May 11)

40.               What is induction? Define secondary induction. (May 09)

41.               What is meant by ‘induction’?     (April 10)

42.               What is meant by ‘universe of discourse’? Give an example          (Oct 11)

43.               What is meant by “subjective connotation”?         (Oct 11)

44.               What is meant by obversion? (May 11)

45.               What is mediate inference? Give one example. (March 2012)

46.               What is Primary induction?         (Oct 11)

47.               What is propositional function? (May 09)

48.               What is sound argument?           (March 2012)

49.               When is an inductive inference said to be a ‘good’ one? (April 10)

 

2.                   Write short notes on any four of the following :-                         20

1.                   Coercion and misrepresentation as per the Indian Contract Act (May 09)

2.                   Connotation (May 09)

3.                   Contrary and Contradictory terms (Oct 11)

4.                   Conversion (May 09)

5.                   Deductive arguments (Oct 11)

6.                   Distribution of terms in A and O propositions (Oct 11)

7.                   Division by dichotomy (April 10)

8.                   Extensive definition (May 11)

9.                   Fallacy of too narrow and too wide definitions (May 09)

10.               Form and Content. (May 11)

11.               Fraud and undue influence as per the Indian Contract Act (April 10)

12.               Industry according to Labour Law. (May 11)

13.               Influence by Added Determinants and Inference by Complex Conception. (May 11)

14.               Lexical and stipulative definitions (Oct 11)

15.               Material observation       (April 10)

16.               Opposition of singular propositions (May 09)

17.               Physical and Metaphysical division. (May 11)

18.               Propositional function and proposition (Oct 11)

19.               Proposition, Fact and Judgment (April 10)

20.               Public Nuisance (Oct 11)

21.               Salient features of Simple Enumeration (April 10)

22.               Subject less and class-membership propositions (May 09)

23.               Sentence and Proposition. (May 11)

24.               Two rules and fallacies of a per genus et differentia definition (April 10)

3.                   Solve any two questions from a, b, c :-                                       12

(a)   Do as directed:

(i) Identify the following compound proposition and construct a truth table for it: - In case there is an earthquake, there will be destruction.

(Oct 11)

(ii) Construct a truth table for the following proposition. State its kind “if and only if you have merit, you will get admission.”            (April 10)

(iii) With the help of quantifiers, symbolise the following modern general propositions:-

1)                   Many lawyers are unsuccessful (Lx, Ux).(Oct 11)

2)                   Many politicians are not punctual ( Px, Nx)(April 10)

3)                   No scientist is dogmatic (Sx, Dx).           (Oct 11)

4)                   Planets move in an elliptical orbit (Px, Ex)           (April 10)

5)                   Tigers exist (Tx) (April 10)

(b) Reduce following sentences to logical form and identify and name disturbed term or terms, giving reasons:-

1.                   Birds fly. (April 10)

2.                   Few patients are courageous. (Oct 11)

3.                   Many dreams turn into realities (Oct 11)

4.                   Monkeys have a tail (Oct 11)

5.                   Never is a man perfect. (April 10)

6.                   Not all your wishes will be fulfilled.(April 10)

(c)     Answer the following questions, reducing sentences to logical form wherever required:-

(i)                   What is the sub alternate of “Natural calamities can never be controlled by man”?   (Oct 11)

(ii)                 What is the contradictory of “India lost the match against South Africa”?    (Oct 11)

(iii)                What inference by converse relation can be drawn from “Deepak is junior to Dilip”? (Oct 11)

(iv)               What is the Material Obversion of “Metals expand when heated”?  (Oct 11)

Attempt any two sub-questions a, b, or c :

a)                   Reduce the following to logic form and identify and name the distributed term or terms, giving reasons :

i)                     Never is a man perfect.  (April 10)

ii)                   Not all your wishes will be fulfilled.          (April 10)

iii)                  Birds fly.           (April 10)

b)                      

i)                     Construct a truth table for the following proposition. State its kind “if and only if you have merit, you will get admission.”            (April 10)

ii)                   With the help of quantifiers, symbolize the following modern general propositions :

(1)                 Tigers exist (Tx)            (April 10)

(2)                 Planets move in an elliptical orbit (Px, Ex)           (April 10)

(3)                 Many politicians are not punctual ( Px, Nx)          (April 10)

c)                    

i)                     Identify the definitions involved, giving reasons :-

(1)                 Sloth means laziness     (April 10)

(2)                 Animal means cats, dogs, monkeys, donkeys etc.           (April 10)

(3)                 For Mill, cause is a sum total of positive and negative conditions taken together which are invariably   precedent to the effect.               (April 10)

 ii)                   Identify the kind of division involved, giving reasons :-

(1)                  Manage into seed, skin, pulp.    (April 10)

(2)                 Educational Institutions into Universities and Colleges.     (April 10)

(3)                 Schools into aided, unaided, primary and secondary.        (April 10)

Solve any two sub-questions: 1, 2 or 3 :-

(a)                  Using the suggested notation, identify and symbolize the following general propositions with the appropriate quantifiers :

(i)                   All students do not take interest in studies. (Sx, Ix) (May 09)

(ii)                 Some gujratis are not dectors. (Gx, Dx). (May 09)

(b)                 Identify and construct a truth table for the following propositions:

(i)                   If today is Sunday, college is closed. (May 09)

(ii)                 The guests enjoyed the party and they left at night. (May 09)

(c)                 State the logical form and the truth values of the following propositions assuming the given proposition to be false.

(i)                   The sub alternate of “All rich girls are beautiful” (May 09)

(ii)                 The contrary of “No elephants are tiny” (May 09)

(iii)                The contradictory of “Some cases are complicated” (May 09)

3. Attempt any 2 questions from “A”,“B”or“C”:-                                  12

A) Reduce the following statements to logical form and name the term that is distributed:-

i) Any son is younger than his father (May 11)

II) Roses are always pink

III) Some people cannot climb Mount Everest. 

B) i) Indentify the following proposition and construct a truth table for it.

     He is both a singer as well as a dancer.

   ii) Indentify and symbolize the following simple proposition as per modern logicians:-

       1) A rose is fragrant

       2) Lokamanya Tilak was a freedom fighter.

     3) The book is under the table.

c) Point out the relation of the second proposition to the first proposition in the following pairs of propositions :-

i) Some physicists are mathematicians.

  All mathematicians are physicists.

ii) All criminals are to be punished

    Some criminals are not be punished .

iii) Some students are lazy

    Some students are not lazy

iv) No saints are pious.

    All saints are pious .

v) China is not a democratic country.

   China is democratic country .

Vi) Some vegetarians are those who enjoy good health.

     No vegetarian are those who enjoy good health.

Solve any Two sub questions : A, B or C:   (March 2012)

A) Reduce the following sentences to logical form and indentify and name the

 terms distributed                                                                                                                          6

i) Not always Brain and beauty found together .

II) None of the Pigs are intelligent .

III) Many big cities have sky scrapers.

B)  I) Symbolize the following general propositions with quantifiers :                                            3

1) No Tiger have wings ( Tx  Wx)

2) A few hospitals have good facilities (Hx, Fx)

3) Every child is innocent (Cx, Ix)

II) Do as directed:                                                                                                                          3

1) State the material obverse relation of

 “ Men are strong . “

2) What is inference by converse relation of

‘ X is younger than Y’

3) What is the observe of

‘Some eggs are rotten ‘ 

C) I) Draw the square of opposition of propositions .                                                                          2

    II) Point out the relation of second proposition to the first proposition                                               4

        In the following pairs of proposition :-

1) No Britishers are Arabs.

   Some Britishers are not Arabs.

2) Some flowers are fragrant

    Some flowers are not Fragrant.

3) All tigers are ferocious

    No tigers are ferocious

4) No riots are desirable

    Some riots are desirable.

4.   Question (f) is compulsory attempt any 3 from rest :-                        48

a)                   What is Logical Division? State and explain the four processes which are not considered to be logical division.(Oct 11)

b)                   Explain with examples the square of opposition of propositions.(Oct 11)

c)                   What is Simple Enumeration? State its characteristics and value.(Oct 11)

d)                   What is Eduction? Explain with examples how conversion and obversion is applied to A,E,I,O propositions?(Oct 11)

e)                   Explain any two of the following concept :-

(i)                   A definition in figurative and obscure language.   (Oct 11)

(ii)                 Fraud as per Indian Contract Act.            (Oct 11)

(iii)                Truth and Validity of an argument.           (Oct 11)

(iv)               “Medical intervention” and “terminally ill”   (Oct 11)

               (f)  Identical the kind of simple or compound proposition and     represent its symbolic form:-

(i)                   Churchill was not a journalist, but the Prime Minister of England.   (Oct 11)

(ii)                 Neither x nor y can play cricket.  (Oct 11)

(iii)                This sheet of ice is thin. (Oct 11)

(iv)               An honest man hates corruption. (Oct 11)

(v)                 Picasso was a painter.   (Oct 11)

(vi)               If and only if he influence, he will get the job. (Oct 11)

4:  Question ‘f’ is compulsory, attempt any three from rest :-        48

a)                   Name the different kinds of simple and compound propositions according to modern logicians. Write examples and truth tables discuss any three kinds of compound propositions. (April 10)

b)                   Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning and explain in detail their value in a court of law.     (April 10)

c)                   Outline the main features of a good analogy with the help of examples. Explain the value of analogical reasoning in law.            (April 10)

d)                   Give an example and define singular proposition as per traditional logicians. With suitable examples explain the 4 fold classifications of propositions and the principle of quantity and quality.      (April 10)

e)                   State and explain the rules of logical division. Name the four process which are not considered to be logical division.            (April 10)

f)                     

(i)                   Give the contrary of ‘All rabbits are very fast runners’.      (April 10)

(ii)                 State the sub alternate and contradictory of ‘No television stars are chartered accountants’. (April 10)

(iii)                If ‘some toys are not suitable for little children’ is true, then give its relation to and truth of ‘some toys are suitable for little children. (April 10)

(iv)               Reduce the sentence to logical form and state its obverse and converse “Every equilateral triangle is an equiangular triangle. (April 10)

(v)                 Reduce the following sentence to logical form and draw the square of opposition in relation to it and write down each of the relations in proper logical form.’ Several judges resigned in protest’.     (April 10)

4:   Part ‘a’ is compulsory, attempt any 3 from the remaining :-      48

a)                    State whether the following statements are True or False, giving reasons :- (May 09)

(i)                   “Animals into those which live on land and those which live in water” is an example of too wide division.

(ii)                 The division of sewing machine into needle, wheel, belt, bobbin, is an example of verbal division.

(iii)                The division of Hindus into rich, poor, tall, and short is too wide definition.

(iv)               “Planet means Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Pluto” is a biverbal definition.

(v)                  “Agony means pain” is an example of a stipulative definition.

(vi)               “That chairs broken” is an example of an ostensive definition.

State and explain with examples the condition of a sound analogy. Explain the value of analogy in law. (May 09)

Define opposition. With the help of examples explain the square of opposition. (May 09)

Distinguish between inductive and deductive inference . How are they useful in law? (May 09

What is meant by distribution of a term? Explain with the help of Venn diagrams and examples the distribution of terms in A, E, I, O propositions. (May 09)

What is logical division? Explain the rules and fallacies of logical division. (May 09)

                                OR

What is per genus at differentiam definition? Explain with examples rules and fallacies of per genus at differentiam definition            (May 09)

4)  Question Number “4f” is Compulsory. attempt any 3 from rest      48

   

a) Distinguish between inductive and deductive arguments with the help of examples. Explain the use of these two kinds of arguments in Court of Law . (May 11)

b) Define a categorical proposition . What is meant by “distribution” of  a term ?

  Explain with the examples and Vinn diagrams, the distribution of terms in A, E, I, O propositions.

c) Outline the features of a good analogy . How is analogy related to Law?

d) State and explain the rules and fallacies of logical division giving suitable examples.

e) What is meant by “Education”? Discuss in detail the rules of obversion and the two types of conversion. Illustrate your answer with examples.

f) Identify the following modern definitions:-                                                                                6

i)  Look at the beautiful painting

ii) “ Between the devil and the deep sea “ means “ to be caught between two difficulties.”

iii) According to home “ Causation is nothing more than invariable sequence. “

iv) Flowers means roses, lilies, astors, lotuses etc.

v) Man is national animal.

vi) A palette means a board on which an artist mixes his colors .

Identify fallacies of per genus at differentitiam definitions in following examples:-                    6

i) Money is the honey of life

ii) Taxies are means of transport

iii) Man is rational animal who has studied logic

iv) Hue means colour 

v) Solid means not in form of gas or liquid.

vi) A judge is one who performs the functions of a judge.

4: Question “4f” is Compulsory.attempt any 3 from rest                      48   

a) Explain with examples the traditional Fourfold classification of propositions

   and the principles of Quality and Quantity of propositions. (March 2012)

b)  What is compound proposition ? State various kinds of compound propositions with examples and construct   truth-table for them .

c) What is definition ? What are the purposes of definition ? Explain with examples.

d) Define ‘ Logical Division ‘ and ‘ Division by Dichotomy’ .  Give an example of Division by Dichotomy and state its advantages and disadvantages  .

e) State the Characteristics of Simple Enumeration and evaluate critically the process of simple enumeration with examples.

f)

 i) Indentify the fallacies involved in the following definitions ; giving reasons :        6

1) A bachelor is a young unmarried male.

2) A lecturer who has tongue in your ear and faith in your patience.

3) Music is food for soul.

     ii) Indentify the fallacies of logical division, in the following given reasons :          6

1) Sportsmen into cricketers, hockey-players, foot-ballers  and chess-players.

2) Cars into sports cars, expensive cars and small cars.

3) Doctors into allopathic and Ayurvedic.